Apparatus for perforating blooms.



UNITED STATES PATENT tTIcE.V

IoIIN FRITZ, on nn'rntnnnn, PENNSYLVANIA.

.- APPARATUS PoR PERFORMING eLooMs.

. @Emmanuele forming pm of Leners Patent No. (595,716, dated March 1s,190e.

Application liled May Z3, 1900. Serial No.17,626. (No model.)

T all whom tA may concern,.-

A `Beit known 'that I, JOHN FRITZ, 'a citizen of the United States,residing in Bethlehem,

I' in the county of Northampton and State of Pennsylvania, haveinventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for and Methodso-fPerforating Blooms and Ingots, of which the following is aspecilication.

This invention relates to molds or guides'for use in the manufacture ofperforated blooms and Ingots, and Ahas for its object to provide anImproved apparatus'for perforating and Yexpanding the blooms oringotsand whereby the ingotsv and blooms' maybe perforated orpunched-longitudinally and expand and the work Aacconjplishfni in areliable and eficient manner.

In the manufacture of certain qualities of steel it has beenpracticallyimpossibleto produce comparatively long perforated ingotsbythe apparatus in use andihavc thein got proper in all respects fortutu-re operation upon it,

"sustainthe pressure of the punch and not crush en masse'. lt is Wellunderstood, however, that if the ingot be 'at arelatively hightemperature, so that in the case of long ingots, suchas illustratedy inthe drawings, the operation ofthe punch upon the metal will leave y thesame in the most homogeneous and. perfect condition. .port for thevingotthe punch will only enter it a short distance and operate in -a correctmanner, andif the punch be then forced down a greater distance the ingotwill begin to crush in the middle and lower portions of the same,

thereby defeating the attempt to producega.

perfectly-formed tube in which the metal shall be of the required highquality. It is necessary that theoperation shall be performed withrapidity, so as to maintain the ingot in proper condition throughout itslength d uring the entire operation. For this purpose the beginningofthe punching operation should be Without some suitable sup.

inaugurated when theingot is at the correct temperature, so the metal atthe upper end .will ow outwardlywithout destroying the texture oruniformity of that pai-tof the iugot.

For'this purpose, as above noted, it is very desirable,and in the caseof some kinds of metal 'it is practically necessary, to have thetemperature of the entire ingot at a point above whatispractioablcjvhenthe operation 'is .to be carried out in the Old way.In the presentp'rocess and with the .means herein illustrated .theingotis' placed within a specially-constructed mold',` the inner diameter'of'whie'h mold is normally less than would otherwise'be required, andthe ingot being heated to the relatively high temperature alreadyreferred to and placed within the mold the punch is forced against theingot andopcrates (by reason of the high degree of mobility in the metaldue to the relatively high temperature,

spread the. upper part of the ingot (which has not previously beenworked for rendering it efcientto engage the mold) and expand the saine,not only intoy engagement againstthe inner surfaces of the mold, butalso to exteriorly forge the expandedportion, and so form extendedshoulders on tl1e,ingot,which shon1- ders engage vthe inwardly-extendingshoul-v ders of the mold, and, so' operate to support the upper end oftheingot in a manner to sustain the middle portionfsof the same fromdownward movement, so that the-middle .portions of the ingot during thefollowing stages of the punching operation willbc sustained I by theconjoint actionof thesnppoit afforded by the lower part of the ingaatand the additional support afforded by the said shoulders formed at theupper. part ofthe ingot during f the first stage of the-continuouspunching operation, whereby the ingo-t perforated.

as aforesaid) to immediately- Inasmuch as the punching `operation graduf'ally requires increasing-force, the inwardlyprojecting shoulders of themold are locatedv at successive points in the length of the samecorresponding with the increasing resistance required at'the successivestages of the operation, and thus as the punch descends continues theexternal forging of the-ingot to the form of the successive seats orshoulders for sustaining the portions which are immediately beyond, thuspermitting the producroo " by?, and the plunger'or Apiston by 3.

tion of a perforatedigotkvof substantially like consistency at anyregion in its entirelength.

By means ofthe present improvement the ingots may be perforated whilethe metal isl at a temperature 'too high `to permit. of the perforationwithout a substantial support additional to that afforded by the lowerend of the ingot or what couldA be afforded 'by any punch is reduced toaminimum,wh ereas, eX-

cept for the supporting-shoulders exteriorly. forged on the ingot toengage with the corresponding shoulders of the mold, it would benecessary, in order to Aobtain exterior. frictional support, io permitthe crushing of the ingot to'som'e extent sufficient to secure theenlargement of the same to firmly fill the rapace between the mold andthe punch, a'nd hns canse the .mold to bindv the metatii- Yardly ontothe punch and so ereatea niaxianun of resistance to the forward movementof the punch, all ol' which is vhighly detrimental to the'suceess of theoperation as a whole, and especially detrimental to the suc' ccssfulpunching of ingots at such a high temperature as 'will prevent them frombe.- ing self-sustaining under the punch. I

.in the drawings accompanying and forming a part of thisl specification,Figure lis a side4 elevation, partly in section, illustrating my presentinvention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section in line a a, Fig. l.,illustratingr one mode or" constructing' the mold` or guide for theingot or bloom. Fig. 3 is a sectionaliview of another form of mold orguide, and Fig. 4 a plan of a further improvement `in the mold or guide;

Similar characters designate like parts in the different figures of thedrawings. v

For carrying int-o practice m'y present improvements I use anysuiiiciently'large and powerful press or machine-preferably a hydraulicpunching-machine-suitable for the Work to be done. In the drawings thebedplate of such a machine or press is designated The ingot'vor bloom Bbeing broughtito a suitable. heat is setuponA the bed-plate l of thepress Aor machine in which the punching is to be done, and the punch N,whose point orv apex mary be of any usual form employed in this class ofwork, is pnt in place in linewith the-ingrat 'or bloom and forward ofthe "planger or piston 3 of themachi'ne, In practice this piston orplunger will usually be-operated by hydraulic means, since the operationis one usually requiring considerable power.

at i-and also thelp'ress'ureof the'pnnch tends tocrush down the-inget,especially after thev punch has entered some distance into the inf got.For the purposeofffacilitating the op# eratiomand especially forpreventingsogreat a red uctiou of thel'ength of thepiece B, I pro-a-vide a mold' or guide D, constructed` for .en -4 gagi'ng the expandedpartof .the bloom and to hold 'the same against the' foroeof the punch.As a means for accomplishing this result I eonstruct'the guideor moldwith" engaging surfaces: or projections for-med and disposed in vamanner adapted to engageorinterlock with the expanded: portion of the'piece Band so by its engagementwith said piece'resistth'e longitudinal'movement of` Athe'piece from the force of the punch.

" A suitable construction of the mold for the Ipurposes set forth is'toprovide its inner wall with.inwardly-projecting portions which arepreferably in the form of ridges. or rings, as (i, extending around themold,and into the space betweeneachl ridge the metal m'ay be forced bythe punch, thereby firmly engaging the expanded 'part of the-bloom oringot'with the projecting portions of the mold-' .as indicated, forinstance, at This interlocking of the ingot or bloom with the moldprevents the sliding of the' ingot within the mold during the further'progress of the'- puncli through the same, and thus resiststhe-tendency to IOO crush down the lower portion of the in'got or massduring thedater stages of the punching operation'. A

For convenience in putting` th'e mold 1n place and alsov for removingthe samefrom the expanded ingot the mold may be made in sections, thesesectionsbeing secured together by clamping with hoops, hooks, orothersuitable clamping devices. In'th'e drawings the two. parts 8 andlO'of the mold D are shown connected together' by bolts 12, held inplaceby keys, as D, by which means the-bolts may be readily removed by firstknoekingout the keys with a hammer. O f-'oourse the fastenings should,Whatever the "form thereof, bc Afitted and arranged for quick operation.

My presentinvention is especially designed for use in punchingrelatively large ingots and blooms ofsteel-ibut it willhe understoodthat the method is applicable for punchinginasses of variousmaterialsand that my improved apparatus is applicable not' only to thepunching of. different materials, but also to the perforation ofingots-or like masses of various sizes,includingsteel. ingots of largeor small dimensionmas may bc required in a'n'y particular case.

In 'carrying out the"proeess by the aid of 'the guide ormold constructedas indicated in IIO Y engage an expanding ingot or .bloom as it 1s tionof punching the sameproceeded with, as tions thereon and to hold itagainst the lon-l hereinbeore described. In practice the said gitndinalforce of the punch and maintain-Sit staves or Wall portions 6' may bemade of any from crushing Without the side Walls of the 3cV suitablenumber, and the projections 6 may in mold intimately engaging it. somecases oe formed on alternate staves or 2. A guide or mold for use inperforated sections. ingots or blooms provided on-its interior walls Forthe purpose of engaging the metal of with projections adapted to engagean eX- the expanded portion of the ingot in such pending ingot andmaintain the same With- 35 manner that the projections on the ingot reout the wall proper of the mold engaging it. sulting from the forcibleexpansion of the 3. In an apparatus for perforating ingots, same intothe spaces of the mold or 'guide may the combination with a guide ormold proai'terward be worked Without leaving any vided on its interiorwalls with projections crevices in the forging the surfaces may beadapted to engage anexpanding -ingot and 4c made, .as shown, of an ovalor curved form, maintain the same Without the wall proper of thusavoiding sharp angles; butinsome cases, the mold engaging it; and meansfor perfoif preferred, the projections of the guide or rating saidingot, the organization being snob mold may be sharp-cornered, so as tomore that its end will, simultaneouslywith-the per#` positively engagethe outiowing metal, and foration of such end, be forced into position.i5 thus hold the in got against descending moveto engage the uppermostprojeotion,'thereby ment. to hold the ingot throughout the further con-Having thus described my invention, I tinued punching thereofagainstlongitudinal claimf displacement. 'Y

l. An apparatus for perforating ingots orl JOHN FRITZ blooms comprisinga punch and a mold provided interioi'ly with projections adapted toWitnesses:

` l FRANCIS 1I. RICHARDS expandedv -by the punchand to forge projec- C.A. WEER

